Hernia Surgery: What to Expect Before, During, and After

A hernia happens when an organ or tissue protrudes through a vulnerable area in the muscle, commonly found in the abdominal wall or groin. Although not all hernias necessitate urgent intervention, surgery is frequently advised to avert complications or alleviate discomfort.
Here’s what you should understand about hernia surgery, covering aspects such as preparation, the procedure itself, and recovery afterwards.

Recognising the Need for Hernia Surgery

Certain symptoms indicate that a hernia may need immediate medical attention. You should seek emergency care if you experience any of the following:

1. Sudden pain over a bulge.
2. Sudden pain over a bulge with vomiting and constipation.
3. A bulge that no longer goes back inside the abdomen.
4. A bulge that suddenly becomes larger.
5. Bloating or a feeling of fullness in the abdomen.
6. Any of above with Fever.
7. Nausea or vomiting.
8. Redness or discolouration at the site of the hernia.

Types of Hernia Surgery :

Hernia surgery is designed to repair the weakened area and prevent the hernia from recurring. There are three main types of hernia surgery:

1. Open Herniorraphy : In this traditional approach, the surgeon makes an incision near the hernia site and pushes the protruding tissue back into place. The weakened muscle area is then reinforced with sutures.
2. Open Hernioplasty : In this traditional approach, the surgeon makes an incision near the hernia site and pushes the protruding tissue back into place. The weakened muscle area is then reinforced with sutures and sometimes with a synthetic mesh.
3. Laparoscopic Hernioplasty : A minimally invasive approach, laparoscopic hernia surgery involves small incisions and the use of a camera-guided instrument. The surgeon operates with tools inserted through these incisions, which reduces recovery time and post-operative pain.
4. Robotic Hernioplasty : Robotic surgery is similar to laparoscopic surgery but allows the surgeon enhanced control and precision. Using Robotic instruments ,3D console and more range of movements of robotic instruments. This advanced method often results in less pain and quicker recovery compared to traditional techniques.

Before Surgery :
-Medical Evaluation: A physical examination by your doctor is the common way to diagnose and assess the hernia.In some cases Sonography may be required.
-Preoperative Testing: You may undergo tests to determine your fitness for surgery and anaesthesia. These tests might include blood work, imaging, and other health checks.
-Preoperative Instructions: Your surgeon will provide specific instructions, such as avoiding certain medications and fasting for a period before the surgery.

During Hernia Surgery

The type of hernia surgery chosen—open, laparoscopic, or robotic—depends on several factors, including the hernia’s size, location, and the surgeon’s recommendation. Here’s a brief overview of what each procedure entails:

1. Open Hernioplasty: The surgeon makes an dequate incision depending upon size of hernia , repairs the hernia, and closes the incision with sutures or mesh. Patients with small defect hernia do very well with this surgery.

2. Laparoscopic Hernioplasty: Small incisions allow the use of a laparoscope (a tiny camera) to guide the surgery. This approach minimises trauma to the surrounding tissue, which often results in faster healing.The Surgeon repaisrs the hernia using a mesh and closes the small incisions.

3. Robotic Hernioplasty: Utilising robotic technology, the surgeon performs the operation with enhanced precision. Robotic hernia repair is particularly beneficial for large, recurrent or complex hernias.

After Surgery :
Utilising robotic technology, the surgeon performs the operation with enhanced precision. Robotic hernia repair is particularly beneficial for large, recurrent or complex hernias.

1. Postoperative Pain and Discomfort: Expect some soreness or discomfort, particularly in the first 72 hours post-operation. Patients undergoing robotic or minimally invasive procedures generally report less pain than those who undergo open hernia repair.

2. Postoperative Care: Follow your surgeon’s instructions carefully to ensure proper healing. Your care team will advise you on managing pain, caring for the incision site, and activities to avoid.

Hernia Surgery Recovery :
Your recovery journey depends on the type of surgery you undergo, your overall health, and your adherence to post-surgery instructions. Here’s what to expect during recovery:

1. Follow-up with the Surgeon: Scheduling a follow-up appointment with your surgeon is essential to monitor your progress and ensure proper healing.

2. Postoperative Instructions: Your surgeon will provide specific instructions on caring for the incision site, signs of infection to watch for, and pain management options. Be sure to follow these instructions closely.

3. Resuming Activity While it’s important to avoid strenuous activities, you may resume light activities, such as gentle walking, in the days following your surgery. Avoid heavy lifting and intense physical activity for 1-3 months or as advised by your doctor.

Key Points for a Smooth Recovery :

– Manage Pain: Take prescribed pain medication as directed to manage discomfort in the initial recovery phase.

– Watch for Signs of Complications: Contact your doctor if you experience increased pain, fever, redness, or swelling around the incision site, as these could be signs of infection.

– Healthy Lifestyle Choices: Maintaining a healthy diet and avoiding smoking can help speed up recovery and reduce the risk of complications.

Hernia surgery is a safe and effective procedure that can relieve discomfort and prevent complications. By understanding the steps before, during, and after surgery, you can feel prepared for the journey ahead and focus on a full, healthy recovery.